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1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
1.1. | Definition |
1.2. | Primary conclusions |
1.2.1. | General |
1.2.2. | Energy harvesting EH |
1.2.3. | Energy harvesting with sensing: self-powered sensors |
1.2.4. | Vibration sensing |
1.2.5. | Emerging applications that could be large |
1.2.6. | Materials |
1.3. | Patent analysis |
1.3.1. | All piezoelectric: patents and google trend: mixed signals |
1.3.2. | Piezoelectric harvesting patents and google trend: upward indicators |
1.3.3. | Piezoelectric sensing patents and google trend: patenting increases |
1.3.4. | Piezoelectric MEMS patents and google trend: patenting increases |
1.3.5. | Piezoelectric road patents and google trend: patenting increases |
1.4. | Piezo harvester and sensor modes: electrodynamic ED strongly competes |
1.5. | Vibration harvesting is a small market: status |
1.6. | Routes to success in piezoelectric energy harvesting |
1.7. | Market forecasts |
1.7.1. | Piezoelectric energy harvesting transducer market units, unit price, market value <1W 2019-2039 |
1.7.2. | Piezoelectric energy harvesting transducer global market $ million low vs high power 2019-2039 |
1.7.3. | All energy harvesting transducers by type $ billion in 2029 |
1.7.4. | All energy harvesting transducers by energy source and application $ billion in 2029 |
1.7.5. | All movement harvesting market by mode $ billion in 2029 |
1.7.6. | Piezoelectric sensor transducer global market $ million 2019-2039 |
1.7.7. | Piezo devices applicational market split 2029 |
1.7.8. | Piezoelectric value chain 2029 $ billion |
1.7.9. | Peak car and impact sales k globally by year |
1.7.10. | Haptics global market by technology $ million 2015-2028 |
1.7.11. | Wearable sensors global market $ million 2018-2028 |
1.7.12. | Total connections by year for NB-IoT, LTE, LoRA and others 2018-2029 |
1.7.13. | Number of suppliers of energy harvesting road technology 2018-2028 |
1.7.14. | Number of trials of energy harvesting road technology 2018-2028 |
1.7.15. | Miles of single lane road harvesting 2018-2028 |
1.7.16. | Cost per mile of energy harvesting road 2018-2028 |
1.7.17. | Solar road market value $ billion 2018-2028 |
1.7.18. | Market value of non-solar road harvesting, road sensing, harvesting road furniture 2018-2028 |
1.7.19. | Automotive MEMS and sensor market |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | What is piezoelectric harvesting and sensing? |
2.2. | Manufacture |
2.2.1. | Typical processes |
2.2.2. | Printable gallium phosphate |
2.3. | Energy harvesting transducer types, commercial success |
2.4. | Energy harvesting transducer principles, materials, benefits, challenges |
2.5. | Important compromises: power density vs efficiency |
2.6. | Important compromises: life vs cost per watt |
2.7. | Modes of operation and standards |
2.7.1. | Function |
2.7.2. | Force |
2.7.3. | Pressure |
2.7.4. | Standards |
2.8. | Benefits and challenges of piezoelectric harvesting |
2.9. | Multifunctional piezoelectric devices: Novasentis Arkema Piezotech |
3. | FUNDAMENTALS |
3.1. | Background and Definitions |
3.2. | Piezo effect - direct |
3.3. | Basic equations |
3.4. | Design options |
3.5. | Molecular models |
3.6. | Principle of device creation and operation |
3.7. | Quest for lead-free and new morphologies: zinc oxide |
3.8. | Vibrational Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters |
3.8.1. | Overview |
3.8.2. | Challenges: the quest for power and acoustic bandwidth |
3.8.3. | Research base: wide acoustic bandwidth piezo harvesting |
3.8.4. | Parameters of piezoelectrics for vibration harvesting |
3.9. | Energy harvesting system design |
3.10. | Piezotronic effect |
3.10.1. | Overview |
3.10.2. | Mechanisms and devices |
3.10.3. | Prospective applications |
3.11. | Battery elimination |
4. | PIEZOELECTRIC POLYMERS: LIMITATIONS, ENHANCEMENTS, USES |
4.1. | Overview |
4.2. | Inferior strain and stress constant |
4.3. | Challenge: substrate clamping |
4.4. | Enhancing power from PVDF using graphene and thin film |
4.5. | PVDF flags : theory shows improvement potential |
4.6. | Flexible and biodegradable PVDF devices |
5. | LOW POWER PIEZOELECTRIC HARVESTING: MICROW - 1W |
5.1. | Piezo harvesters on, in and by the human body |
5.1.1. | Consumer |
5.1.2. | Healthcare: implanted defibrillators and pacemakers |
5.1.3. | Inner ear |
5.1.4. | Wrist health monitor |
5.1.5. | Patient behaviour monitoring |
5.2. | Collagen piezoelectric for disposables, implants, wearables |
5.3. | Hand controllers |
5.4. | Wireless sensors, IOT |
5.5. | MEMS |
5.5.1. | Overview |
5.5.2. | Examples of MEMS harvesting |
5.6. | AdaptivEnergy Joule Thief: 40mW record |
5.7. | LORD Microstrain helicopter application |
5.8. | Pulse Switch Systems LightingSwitch™ and KCF vibration harvesters |
5.9. | Who are the low power commercial players remaining? |
6. | HIGH POWER PIEZOELECTRIC HARVESTING 1W TO MW |
6.1. | Overview |
6.2. | Wind power from "reeds" |
6.3. | Wind power from oscillating blocks or leaves |
6.4. | Wave power: Nottingham - Hiroshima, UK Japan |
6.5. | Piezo seaweed: Catholic Quangdong Korea |
6.6. | Piezoelectric rotating machines |
6.7. | Metro, dance hall, sidewalk footfall |
6.8. | Piezoelectric roads |
6.8.1. | Overview |
6.8.2. | Basic calculations |
6.8.3. | Other concerns and opportunities |
6.8.4. | Georgia Tech USA |
6.8.5. | University of California Merced |
6.8.6. | Pyro-E USA |
6.8.7. | Lancaster University UK |
6.8.8. | Piezoelectric paving Innowattech Israel |
6.8.9. | APC USA view |
7. | INTEGRATION WITH OTHER HARVESTERS |
7.1. | Progression of integration |
7.2. | Towards PVDF piezoelectric + photovoltaic tires and sails |
7.3. | Piezoelectric, pyroelectric, triboelectric combined |
7.4. | Ferroelectrets: piezo + electret FEP |
7.5. | Research focus on the four triboelectric modes with piezo etc |
7.6. | Piezoelectric with triboelectric |
8. | PIEZOELECTRIC SENSORS |
8.1. | Definition and function |
8.2. | Sensor requirements by power level |
8.3. | Signal processing |
8.4. | Relative advantages |
8.5. | Multifunctional sensors |
8.6. | Piezoelectric sensor limitations |
8.6.1. | Poisons |
8.6.2. | Static sensing |
8.6.3. | Temperature effects |
8.7. | Applications |
8.7.1. | The show so far |
8.7.2. | Biomimetics |
8.7.3. | Biosensors using piezotronics |
8.7.4. | Pressure and wear sensing |
8.7.5. | Structural health monitoring |
8.7.6. | Fuel injection sensors |
8.7.7. | Force transducers |
8.7.8. | Traffic sensors |
8.7.9. | Sensor switches |
8.7.10. | Piezoelectric tyre sensors and harvesting by tires |
8.7.11. | Piezoelectric bioreceptor biosensors |
8.7.12. | Microphones Vesper |
9. | PIEZOELECTRIC HARVESTING AND SENSING COMPANY AND RESEARCH: 56 PROFILES |
9.1. | Advanced Cerametrics USA |
9.2. | Agency for Defense Development Korea |
9.3. | Algra Switzerland |
9.4. | APC International (formerly American Piezoelectric Company) USA |
9.5. | Arkema France |
9.6. | Automation Products Group, Inc. (APG SENSORS) USA |
9.7. | Arveni France |
9.8. | Benz Airborne Systems USA |
9.9. | Boeing USA |
9.10. | Carnegie Mellon University USA |
9.11. | CEDES Corporation of America USA |
9.12. | Chinese University of Hong Kong China |
9.13. | Columbia Research Laboratories, Inc. USA |
9.14. | Cooper Instruments |
9.15. | Dytran Instruments, Inc. |
9.16. | Erallo Technologies Inc USA |
9.17. | Evatec Process Systems |
9.18. | Fairchild Industrial Products, |
9.19. | Fraunhofer IKTS Germany |
9.20. | Georgia Institute of Technology USA |
9.21. | Holst Centre/TNO Netherlands |
9.22. | Honeywell Sensing and Control USA |
9.23. | IFM Efector, Inc. |
9.24. | IMEC Belgium |
9.25. | Imperial College London UK |
9.26. | Kyocera AVX Japan |
9.27. | Meggitt USA |
9.28. | Midé Engineering Solutions (Piezo.com) USA |
9.29. | Mod-Tronic Instruments Limited USA |
9.30. | Monitor Technologies, LLC USA |
9.31. | Mouser Electronics, Inc. USA |
9.32. | National Taiwan University Taiwan |
9.33. | NNL - Universita del Salento Italy |
9.34. | PCB Piezotronics USA |
9.35. | Phidgets, Inc USA |
9.36. | PI Ceramic Physik Instrumente Germany |
9.37. | Piezo.com USA |
9.38. | Piezo Systems USA |
9.39. | Piezo Technologies USA |
9.40. | Process Technologies Group, Inc |
9.41. | PulseSwitch Systems Face Group |
9.42. | Pyro-E USA |
9.43. | Shanghai Jiao Tong University China |
9.44. | Silex Sweden |
9.45. | Smart Material Corp. USA |
9.46. | Technical University of Ilmenau Germany |
9.47. | TE Connectivity Switzerland |
9.48. | Teledyne Hastings Instruments USA |
9.49. | Texas Micropower USA |
9.50. | Tokyo Institute of Technology Japan |
9.51. | TRS Technologies, Inc. USA |
9.52. | Tyndall National Institute Ireland |
9.53. | University of Idaho USA |
9.54. | University of Princeton USA |
9.55. | Viezo Lithuania |
9.56. | Virginia Tech USA |
10. | APPENDIX - BEYOND STATIC PAVEMENT: SMART LANES AS A UNIQUE TRAFFIC SOLUTION (PYRO-E WHITEPAPER) |
Slides | 254 |
---|---|
Companies | 54 |
Forecasts to | 2039 |